What is colorectal cancer?  

Colorectal cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the colon or rectum, which are parts of the large intestine. Colon cancer and rectal cancer are often grouped together because they share many of the same features. Most colorectal cancers start as growths, or polyps, on the inner lining of the colon or rectum. Polyps are not uncommon, especially as you get older. Most polyps are noncancerous, but some can turn into cancer over the years. Regular screenings — colonoscopies — are important to monitor and catch any irregularities.

Why are we focusing on colorectal cancer?  

Colorectal cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death in both men and women. While other forms of cancer have seen a drop in rates, colorectal rates continue to rise. Cass County has the 16th highest incidence rate for colorectal cancer in Iowa, with 45.98 cases per 100k and we have about 10 new cases of colorectal cancer per year. Since 2012, approximately 60% of those cancers were diagnosed at a late stage.

Signs & Symptoms 

Many people with colon cancer don’t experience any symptoms in the early stages of colorectal cancer, which is why screening is so vital. When symptoms do appear, it is likely due to the size of the cancer or where it is located. Symptoms can include a change in bowel habits (more frequent diarrhea or constipation), rectal bleeding or blood in the stool, ongoing discomfort in the belly, a feeling that the bowel doesn’t empty all the way during a bowel movement, weakness, tiredness, and unintentional weight loss. If you are experiencing any of these symptoms for an extended period, talk with your primary care provider right away.

Screening Guidelines  

The best screening for colorectal cancer is a colonoscopy. At Cass Health, we recommend that patients between the ages of 45 and 80 have a colonoscopy starting at age 45 and repeating every 5 to 10 years based on the results and individual risk factors. A colonoscopy is a procedure where a doctor examines the inside of your rectum and colon using a long flexible tube with a camera. Patients are sedated during the procedure; no discomfort is felt. Individual risk factors and family history will impact the frequency of screenings, and your provider will be able to recommend the most accurate screening schedule.

What to Expect